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Second Republic of Venezuela
The Second Republic of Venezuela (''Segunda República de Venezuela'' in Spanish) is the name used to refer to the reestablished Venezuelan Republic declared by Simón Bolívar on August 7, 1813. This declaration followed the defeat of Domingo Monteverde by Bolívar during the Admirable Campaign in the west and Santiago Mariño in his campaign in the east. The republic came to an end in the following year, after a series of defeats at the hands of José Tomás Boves.
== Antecedents: Cartagena Manifesto ==
After the fall of the first Venezuelan Republic, colonel Simon Bolivar goes into exile and heads for Curazao. Soon after, he sets sail to the United Provinces of New Granada, which had just recently declared its independence from the Spanish Empire.
In Cartagena, Bolivar pens a letter, the ''Cartagena Manifesto'', in which he describes the reasons that lead to the fall of the First Republic, the current situation of Hispanic-America, and his perspective for the future of the region.
Bolivar asks the New Granadian congress for his incorporation into the army, and is quickly ascended to the rank of Brigadier and assigned to a garrison. He then organizes a flash campaign between Tunja and Pamplona, managing the expulsion of the royalist troops from this region. With the royalists in retreat, Bolivar once again addresses the New Granadian congress for authorization to intervene in Venezuela with a voluntary army. In view of the actions Bolivar had executed in favor of the New Granadians, the congress grants his request and Bolivar marches into Venezuela.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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